TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 21
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 21
1.2 DEFINITION 21
1.3 STUDY SCOPE 22
1.3.1 MARKET SCOPE 22
1.3.2 MARKETS COVERED 22
1.3.3 GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE 23
1.3.4 YEARS CONSIDERED 24
1.4 CURRENCY 24
1.5 STAKEHOLDERS 24
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 25
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 25
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 27
2.1.1.1 Data from secondary sources 27
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 28
2.1.2.1 Data from primary sources 28
2.1.2.2 Key industry insights 29
2.1.2.3 Breakdown of primaries 29
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 30
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 30
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 30
2.3 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION 31
2.4 LIMITATIONS 32
2.5 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 32
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 34
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 39
4.1 LUCRATIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN TIC MARKET 39
4.2 TIC MARKET, BY SOURCING TYPE 40
4.3 TIC MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE 40
4.4 TIC MARKET IN APAC, BY APPLICATION AND SERVICE TYPE 41
4.5 TIC MARKET, BY COUNTRY 42
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 43
5.1 INTRODUCTION 43
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 43
5.2.1 DRIVERS 44
5.2.1.1 Increase in disposable income and rapid urbanization in developing economies 44
5.2.1.2 High growth in product recalls across the world 44
5.2.1.3 High adoption of outsourcing service model by worldwide manufacturers 45
5.2.1.4 Increased requirement for harmonized standards 45
5.2.1.5 Surge in illicit trading, counterfeiting, and piracy practices across the world 46
5.2.1.6 Enforcement of rigorous government regulations and standards across various sectors 46
5.2.2 RESTRAINT 47
5.2.2.1 Diverse standards and regulations across geographies 47
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 48
5.2.3.1 Growth opportunities for small- and medium-sized businesses in the TIC ecosystem 48
5.2.3.2 Consolidation of fragmented markets 48
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 48
5.2.4.1 Complex nature of global supply chains 48
5.2.4.2 Long lead time for overseas qualification assessments 49
6 INDUSTRY TRENDS 50
6.1 INTRODUCTION 50
6.2 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 51
6.3 CORE INDUSTRY SEGMENTS FOR OVERALL TIC MARKET 52
6.3.1 TIC STANDARDS AND REGULATORY BODIES 52
6.3.2 COMPANIES OFFERING TIC SERVICES 52
6.3.3 END-USER INDUSTRIES 52
6.4 KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS 53
6.5 PEST ANALYSIS 54
6.5.1 POLITICAL FACTORS 54
6.5.2 ECONOMIC FACTORS 54
6.5.3 SOCIAL FACTORS 54
6.5.4 TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS 55
7 TIC MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE 56
7.1 INTRODUCTION 57
7.2 TESTING 58
7.3 INSPECTION 59
7.4 CERTIFICATION 59
7.5 OTHERS 59
8 TIC MARKET, BY SOURCING TYPE 60
8.1 INTRODUCTION 61
8.2 IN-HOUSE SERVICES 62
8.3 OUTSOURCED SERVICES 62
9 TIC MARKET, BY APPLICATION 63
9.1 INTRODUCTION 64
9.2 CONSUMER GOODS AND RETAIL 66
9.2.1 PERSONAL CARE AND BEAUTY PRODUCTS 66
9.2.2 HARD GOODS 67
9.2.3 SOFTLINES AND ACCESSORIES 67
9.2.4 TOYS AND JUVENILE PRODUCTS 67
9.2.5 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS 68
9.2.6 OTHERS 69
9.3 AGRICULTURE AND FOOD 70
9.3.1 SEEDS AND CROPS 70
9.3.2 FERTILIZERS 71
9.3.3 COMMODITIES 71
9.3.4 FOOD 71
9.3.5 FORESTRY 71
9.3.6 OTHERS 71
9.4 CHEMICALS 72
9.4.1 ASSET INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT SERVICES 72
9.4.2 PROJECT LIFECYCLE SERVICES 73
9.4.3 FINISHED PRODUCT SERVICES 73
9.4.4 CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS SERVICES 73
9.4.5 OTHERS 73
9.5 CONSTRUCTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE 74
9.5.1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 74
9.5.2 MATERIAL SERVICES 74
9.5.3 CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT SERVICES 74
9.5.4 FACILITIES MANAGEMENT AND INSPECTION SERVICES 75
9.5.5 OTHERS 76
9.6 ENERGY & POWER 77
9.6.1 ENERGY SOURCES 77
9.6.1.1 Nuclear 77
9.6.1.2 Wind 77
9.6.1.3 Solar 78
9.6.1.4 Alternative fuels 78
9.6.1.5 Fuel oils and gases 78
9.6.1.6 Coal 78
9.6.2 POWER GENERATION 78
9.6.3 POWER DISTRIBUTION 78
9.6.4 ASSET INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT SERVICES 78
9.6.5 PROJECT LIFECYCLE SERVICES 78
9.6.6 OTHERS 79
9.7 INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING 79
9.7.1 SUPPLIER-RELATED SERVICES 79
9.7.2 PRODUCTION- AND PRODUCT-RELATED SERVICES 80
9.7.3 PROJECT-RELATED SERVICES 80
9.7.4 OTHERS 80
9.8 MEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES 81
9.8.1 MEDICAL DEVICES 81
9.8.2 HEALTH, BEAUTY, AND WELLNESS 81
9.8.3 CLINICAL SERVICES 82
9.8.4 LABORATORY SERVICES 82
9.8.5 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES 83
9.8.6 OTHERS 83
9.9 MINING 85
9.9.1 INSPECTION AND SAMPLING SERVICES 85
9.9.2 ANALYTICAL SERVICES 85
9.9.3 EXPLORATION SERVICES 85
9.9.4 METALLURGY AND PROCESS DESIGN SERVICES 85
9.9.5 PRODUCTION AND PLANT SERVICES 85
9.9.6 SITE OPERATIONS AND CLOSURE SERVICES 86
9.9.7 PROJECT RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION SERVICES 86
9.10 OIL & GAS AND PETROLEUM 86
9.10.1 UPSTREAM 87
9.10.2 DOWNSTREAM 87
9.10.3 BIOFUELS AND FEEDSTOCK 88
9.10.4 PETROCHEMICALS 88
9.10.5 ASSET INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT SERVICES 89
9.10.6 PROJECT LIFECYCLE SERVICES 89
9.10.7 OTHERS 90
9.11 PUBLIC SECTOR 90
9.11.1 PRODUCT CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT SERVICES 90
9.11.2 MONITORING SERVICES 91
9.11.3 VALUATION SERVICES 91
9.11.4 OTHERS 91
9.12 AUTOMOTIVE 92
9.12.1 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS 92
9.12.2 ELECTRIC VEHICLES, HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES, AND BATTERY SYSTEMS 92
9.12.3 TELEMATICS 92
9.12.4 FUELS, FLUIDS, AND LUBRICANTS 93
9.12.5 INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 93
9.12.6 VEHICLE INSPECTION SERVICES (VIS) 93
9.12.7 HOMOLOGATION TESTING 94
9.12.8 OTHERS 94
9.13 AEROSPACE 96
9.13.1 AEROSPACE MANUFACTURING SERVICES 96
9.13.2 AVIATION MANAGEMENT SERVICES 97
9.13.3 OTHERS 97
9.14 MARINE 98
9.14.1 MARINE FUEL SYSTEMS AND COMPONENT SERVICES 98
9.14.2 SHIP CLASSIFICATION SERVICES 98
9.14.3 MARINE MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT SERVICES 99
9.14.4 OTHERS 99
9.15 RAIL 100
9.15.1 RAIL CONSTRUCTION AND PRODUCTION MONITORING 101
9.15.2 INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT 101
9.15.3 OTHERS 101
9.16 SUPPLY CHAIN AND LOGISTICS 102
9.16.1 PACKAGING & HANDLING 102
9.16.2 RISK MANAGEMENT 102
9.16.3 OTHERS 102
9.17 IT AND TELECOM 103
9.17.1 TELECOM AND IT INFRASTRUCTURE EQUIPMENT 103
9.17.2 MODULES AND DEVICES 103
9.18 SPORTS & ENTERTAINMENT 104
9.18.1 SPORTS VENUES AND FACILITIES 104
9.18.2 SPORTING GOODS AND PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 105
10 GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 106
10.1 INTRODUCTION 107
10.2 NORTH AMERICA 109
10.2.1 US 110
10.2.2 CANADA 112
10.2.3 MEXICO 115
10.3 EUROPE 118
10.3.1 GERMANY 119
10.3.2 UK 122
10.3.3 FRANCE 124
10.3.4 ITALY 126
10.3.5 SPAIN 128
10.3.6 BELGIUM 130
10.3.7 RUSSIA 131
10.3.8 HUNGARY 131
10.3.9 NETHERLANDS 131
10.3.10 POLAND 131
10.3.11 BULGARIA 132
10.3.12 SWEDEN 132
10.3.13 MOROCCO 132
10.3.14 SWITZERLAND 132
10.3.15 NORWAY 133
10.3.16 ROMANIA 133
10.3.17 GREECE 133
10.3.18 ROE 133
10.4 ASIA PACIFIC 134
10.4.1 CHINA 135
10.4.2 JAPAN 137
10.4.3 INDIA 139
10.4.4 SOUTH KOREA 142
10.4.5 AUSTRALIA 144
10.4.6 THAILAND 146
10.4.7 MALAYSIA 147
10.4.8 INDONESIA 147
10.4.9 VIETNAM 147
10.4.10 TAIWAN 147
10.4.11 HONG KONG 148
10.4.12 BANGLADESH 148
10.4.13 PHILIPPINES 148
10.4.14 ROAPAC 148
10.5 REST OF THE WORLD 149
10.5.1 SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA 151
10.5.1.1 South America 153
10.5.1.1.1 Brazil 153
10.5.1.1.2 Argentina 153
10.5.1.1.3 Peru 153
10.5.1.1.4 Czech Republic 153
10.5.1.1.5 Chile 154
10.5.1.1.6 Colombia 154
10.5.1.1.7 Venezuela 154
10.5.1.1.8 Rest of South America 154
10.5.1.2 Central America 154
10.5.2 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA (MEA) 155
10.5.2.1 Saudi Arabia 156
10.5.2.2 Iran 157
10.5.2.3 Iraq 157
10.5.2.4 UAE 158
10.5.2.5 Qatar 158
10.5.2.6 Oman 159
10.5.2.7 Bahrain 159
10.5.2.8 South Africa 159
10.5.2.9 Rest of Middle East and Africa 159
11 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 160
11.1 OVERVIEW 160
11.2 KEY PLAYERS IN TIC MARKET 161
11.3 COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING, 2018 163
11.3.1 VISIONARY LEADERS 163
11.3.2 DYNAMIC DIFFERENTIATORS 163
11.3.3 INNOVATORS 163
11.3.4 EMERGING COMPANIES 163
11.4 STRENGTH OF SERVICE OFFERING 165
11.5 BUSINESS STRATEGY EXCELLENCE 166
11.6 COMPETITIVE SITUATIONS AND TRENDS 167
11.6.1 ACQUISITIONS 168
11.6.2 EXPANSIONS 170
11.6.3 SERVICE LAUNCHES 171
11.6.4 OTHERS 172
12 COMPANY PROFILES 173
12.1 INTRODUCTION 173
(Business Overview, Services Offered, Recent Developments, SWOT Analysis, and MnM View)*
12.2 KEY PLAYERS 174
12.2.1 SGS GROUP 174
12.2.2 BUREAU VERITAS 181
12.2.3 INTERTEK 189
12.2.4 DEKRA SE 194
12.2.5 EUROFINS SCIENTIFIC 197
12.2.6 TÜV SÜD 202
12.2.7 DNV GL 207
12.2.8 TÜV RHEINLAND 211
12.2.9 APPLUS+ 215
12.2.10 ALS LIMITED 218
12.2.11 TÜV NORD GROUP 223
12.2.12 LLOYD’S REGISTER GROUP LIMITED 227
12.2.13 MISTRAS 230
12.2.14 ELEMENT MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY 233
12.2.15 UL LLC 236
12.3 OTHER IMPORTANT PLAYERS AND ASSOCIATIONS 238
12.3.1 VDE TESTING INSTITUTE 238
12.3.2 KEYSTONE COMPLIANCE 238
12.3.3 WASHINGTON LABORATORIES LTD. 238
12.3.4 FORCE TECHNOLOGY 239
12.3.5 KIWA INSPECTA 239
12.3.6 RINA S.P.A. 239
12.3.7 TECHNICKÁ INŠPEKCIA 240
12.3.8 TÜRK LOYDU 240
12.3.9 SAFETY ASSESSMENT FEDERATION (SAFED) 241
12.3.10 HV TECHNOLOGIES INC. 242
12.4 KEY INNOVATORS 243
12.4.1 AVOMEEN ANALYTICAL SERVICES 243
12.4.2 ENVIGO 243
12.4.3 GATEWAY ANALYTICAL 243
12.4.4 MEDISTRI SA 243
*Details on Business Overview, Services Offered, Recent Developments, SWOT Analysis, and MnM View might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
13 APPENDIX 244
13.1 INSIGHTS OF INDUSTRY EXPERTS 244
13.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE 245
13.3 KNOWLEDGE STORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 249
13.4 AVAILABLE CUSTOMIZATIONS 251
13.5 RELATED REPORTS 251
13.6 AUTHOR DETAILS 252
TABLE 1 STUDY LIMITATIONS 32
TABLE 2 STUDY ASSUMPTIONS 32
TABLE 3 COMPARISON OF MAJOR MOTOR VEHICLE REGULATIONS IN US AND EU 47
TABLE 4 MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS – MAJOR TREND AMONG KEY MARKET PLAYERS 53
TABLE 5 TIC MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 58
TABLE 6 TIC MARKET, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 62
TABLE 7 TIC MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 65
TABLE 8 TIC MARKET FOR CONSUMER GOODS AND RETAIL APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 70
TABLE 9 TIC MARKET FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 72
TABLE 10 TIC MARKET FOR CHEMICALS APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 73
TABLE 11 TIC MARKET FOR CONSTRUCTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 77
TABLE 12 TIC MARKET FOR ENERGY & POWER APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 79
TABLE 13 TIC MARKET FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 80
TABLE 14 TIC MARKET FOR MEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 84
TABLE 15 TIC MARKET FOR MINING APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 86
TABLE 16 TIC MARKET FOR OIL & GAS AND PETROLEUM APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 90
TABLE 17 TIC MARKET FOR PUBLIC SECTOR APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 91
TABLE 18 TIC MARKET FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 95
TABLE 19 TIC MARKET FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 98
TABLE 20 TIC MARKET FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 99
TABLE 21 TIC MARKET FOR RAIL APPLICATIONS, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 101
TABLE 22 TIC MARKET FOR SUPPLY CHAIN AND LOGISTICS APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 102
TABLE 23 TIC MARKET FOR IT AND TELECOM APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 104
TABLE 24 TIC MARKET FOR SPORTS & ENTERTAINMENT APPLICATIONS, BY TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 105
TABLE 25 TIC MARKET, BY REGION, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 108
TABLE 26 TIC MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 110
TABLE 27 TIC MARKET IN US, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 111
TABLE 28 TIC MARKET IN US, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 112
TABLE 29 TIC MARKET IN US, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 112
TABLE 30 TIC MARKET IN CANADA, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 113
TABLE 31 TIC MARKET IN CANADA, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 114
TABLE 32 TIC MARKET IN CANADA, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 114
TABLE 33 TIC MARKET IN MEXICO, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 34 TIC MARKET IN MEXICO, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 117
TABLE 35 TIC MARKET IN MEXICO, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 117
TABLE 36 TIC MARKET IN EUROPE, BY COUNTRY, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 119
TABLE 37 TIC MARKET IN GERMANY, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 120
TABLE 38 TIC MARKET IN GERMANY, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 121
TABLE 39 TIC MARKET IN GERMANY, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 122
TABLE 40 TIC MARKET IN UK, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 123
TABLE 41 TIC MARKET IN UK, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 124
TABLE 42 TIC MARKET IN UK, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 124
TABLE 43 TIC MARKET IN FRANCE, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 125
TABLE 44 TIC MARKET IN FRANCE, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 126
TABLE 45 TIC MARKET IN FRANCE, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 126
TABLE 46 TIC MARKET IN ITALY, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 127
TABLE 47 TIC MARKET IN ITALY, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 48 TIC MARKET IN ITALY, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 128
TABLE 49 TIC MARKET IN SPAIN, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 50 TIC MARKET IN SPAIN, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 130
TABLE 51 TIC MARKET IN SPAIN, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 130
TABLE 52 TIC MARKET IN APAC, BY COUNTRY, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 53 TIC MARKET IN CHINA, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 54 TIC MARKET IN CHINA, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 137
TABLE 55 TIC MARKET IN CHINA, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 137
TABLE 56 TIC MARKET IN JAPAN, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 138
TABLE 57 TIC MARKET IN JAPAN, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 139
TABLE 58 TIC MARKET IN JAPAN, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 139
TABLE 59 TIC MARKET IN INDIA, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 140
TABLE 60 TIC MARKET IN INDIA, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 61 TIC MARKET IN INDIA, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 142
TABLE 62 TIC MARKET IN SOUTH KOREA, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 143
TABLE 63 TIC MARKET IN SOUTH KOREA, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 64 TIC MARKET IN SOUTH KOREA, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 144
TABLE 65 TIC MARKET IN AUSTRALIA, BY APPLICATION, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 145
TABLE 66 TIC MARKET IN AUSTRALIA, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 67 TIC MARKET IN AUSTRALIA, BY SOURCING TYPE, 2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 146
TABLE 68 TIC MARKET IN ROW, BY COUNTRY, 2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 150
TABLE 69 TIC MARKET IN SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA, BY APPLICATION,
2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 151
TABLE 70 TIC MARKET IN SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA, BY SERVICE TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 152
TABLE 71 TIC MARKET IN SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA, BY SOURCING TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 152
TABLE 72 TIC MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA, BY APPLICATION,
2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 155
TABLE 73 TIC MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA, BY SERVICE TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD MILLION) 156
TABLE 74 TIC MARKET IN MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA, BY SOURCING TYPE,
2016–2024 (USD BILLION) 156
TABLE 75 ACQUISITIONS (2017–2019) 168
TABLE 76 EXPANSIONS (2016–2018) 170
TABLE 77 SERVICE LAUNCHES (2017–2018) 171
TABLE 78 OTHERS (2017) 172